Indonesian Tutorial

A friend of mine in Jogjakarta made this Indonesian Tutorial. Actually I just realized that this tutorial is written by her. I was looking for tutorial for Turkish friend so he can learn Indonesian Language easily, and I found this tutorial. I hope this can help him learning my language. :)


Learning to speak Indonesian is not as difficult as you think. The rules are so simple, it has no gender, no agreement with plural/singular noun and genders and case and time, and it is easy to pronounce.

As far as I know, the most problems that non-Indonesian-speakers have, are the prefixes, suffixes, and circumfixes.

I don't give much of those forms of the language in this book, I only give the basics.

I admit it; it is difficult to understand the prefixes, suffixes, and circumfixes. Even the students in the junior high schools seldom get an A+ for Indonesian :p

Did I say 'to understand'? Well, in the spoken language it does not matter (mostly) about the usage of the prefixes and we can understand people well. But if you're in an Indonesian school and you get the Indonesian subject. Well you have to think in Indonesian then.

Another problems in learning Indonesian: it has a lot of formal and informal forms.

But don't worry, since we only use the formal forms in a very formal situation (formal speech, ceremonies, etc) and formal-written-Indonesian (newspapers, etc) and in poetry.

Indonesian also has ameliorative and pejorative words, and the use of these words depends on the subjects. Example:

mati = die (natural sense)

we use these words to say 'die' but we see, "who dies"?

-mangkat = King

-gugur = soldier (die in the war, etc)

-wafat = good men (die because of old age)

-meninggal dunia = good men (die because of illness)

-tewas = people who die because of suicide, homicide, accident, etc.

-mampus = bad people, e.g a robber who dies because the police shot him

*for animal, just use the natural sense 'mati'.

And if you're talking in Indonesian and you don't know what to say, just use the natural word and people will understand you. It's all right; it's just the sense.

If you're a tourist and you want to ask some help from Indonesians, don't worry about using formal form or informal form because the words are both grammatically right; it's just the sense, and we Indonesians can understand you well.

Good luck in learning Indonesian. (vremita_desectia [at] yahoo.com)

Alphabets	Pronunciation	Example	Meaning
A	car	aku	I (informal)
B	bar	bola	ball
C	cheese, but softer, as in Italian ci, ce	cinta	love
D	day	dua	two
E	an opened one: French les ()	nenek	Grandma
	a semi-opened one: end ()	elang	hawk
	a closed one: opened	embun	dew
F	fun	foto	photo
G	good	gadis	girl
H	hard, hush	hotel	hotel
I	film	ikan	fish
J	judge (Arabic ج)	janji	promise, to promise
K	kind	kata	word
L	law	lampu	lamp
M	mother	mimpi	dream, to dream
N	new	novel	novel
O	an opened one: of, ball () (as in Arabic ر,ق)	omong	to say (informal)
	A closed one: old ()	orang	man, people
P	pure	pandai, pintar	clever
Q	quality	Quran	The Koran
R	trilled like Italian, Spanish r, like rrrrrrrrright :D (Arabic ر)	rumah	house
S	sand	surat	letter
T	time
U	good, blue	uang	money
V	viva	voli	volley
W	hard one: wave	wafat	to die (polite)
	soft one: swing	waktu	time
X	extreme	xerofit	xerofit
Y	hard one: you, yard	yunior	junior
	soft one: sounds like long ee (Arabic ي)	yatim	kid who does not have father
Z	zorro, not like Italian z (tz), but like bee sound zzzz :D (Arabic ز)	zigot	zygote

Double Consonants	Pronunciation	Example	Meanings
kh	Arabic ﺥ	khusus	specific
ng	singing English song	senang	to be happy, glad, cheerful, pleased
ngg	mango, anggar	anggun	posh, beautiful, la serenit
ny	Sonya (name), Italian Signore	nyanyi	to sing
sy	Shy, Italian scendere	syarat	requirement

Diphthongs	Pronunciation	Example	Meaning
ai	I, find, Italian hai	baik	good, well, nice
au	now, Raul Gonzales :D, Italian naufragare (like Arabic و)	mau	to will, want (informal)
ia	Italian, la miabianca scia	siang	afternoon
iu	future, Italian pi,giustizzia	cium	kiss, to kiss
oi	boy, voice, Italian noi	"Amboi!"	"Wow!", "Gosh!"
ua	Italian la sua	suara	voice

Note:

      Some Indonesian words have double vowels, such as saat (time, when..) bait (a paragraph in a poetry).

      Sometimes, a word has 'triple diphtongs', like beliau (he, she, polite), sesuai (suitable). You have to pronounce all the letters, because Indonesian pronunciation does not 'swallow' any word of its words.

      There are more diphthongs in Indonesian, but those are the most important.
Basic Phrases in Indonesian

Hello hai, halo

Good morning (til 10am) selamat pagi (selamat-closed e)

Good afternoon (til 3pm) selamat siang

Good evening (til 6pm) selamat sore (sore-semi-opened e)

Good night selamat malam

How are you? Apa kabar?

I am fine, thanks Baik, terimakasih

What is your name? Siapa nama Anda? (formal)

My name is __ Nama saya __

How old are you? Berapa umur Anda? (formal)

I am __ years old Umur saya __ tahun

Do you speak English? Apakah Anda berbicara bahasa Inggris? (formal)

Yes, I speak English Ya, saya berbicara bahasa Inggris

Can you speak English? Dapatkah Anda berbicara bahasa Inggris? (formal)

No, I can't speak English Tidak, saya tidak dapat berbicara bahasa Inggris

Nice to meet you Senang berkenalan dengan Anda (formal)

Note: To change formal forms into informal forms, simply change the word Anda to kamu.

Yes/No Ya/Tidak

Excuse me/Pardon me Permisi

Sorry Maaf

Thank you Terimakasih

You are welcome Sama-sama

Please Tolong

Goodbye Daag (daah - taken from Dutch language)

Selamat tinggal (it means.. 'never see you again')

Goodbye (have a nice trip) Selamat jalan

See you Sampai jumpa

Mr. Tuan (formal)

Bapak (married)

Saudara (not married)

Mrs. Nyonya (formal)

Ibu

Miss Nona (formal)

Saudari

I will add some note about addressing in Indonesian. Well, in Indonesian culture, people prefer to address each other with their names. It is to respect other people. But sometimes in informal situation, e.g with classmates, Indonesians can address others with 'kamu'.

When addressing elder people, Indonesians NEVER use 'kamu', but Indonesians also seldom address with Anda. Indonesians usually address with 'Bapak' or 'Ibu' or 'Saudara/i'. Sometimes it is followed with the person's name. For example, Bapak Ahmad.

Do NOT address these people with 'kamu':

-         Any member of your family. I mean, ANY. Even your little sister.

-         Your teachers, even if they are younger than you.

-         Your schoolmates that are in grades higher than you, e.g. you're in Grade 10^th, so you shouldn't address the 11^thGraders with 'kamu'.

-         Your colleagues

-         Any persons in your business life.

-         Any elder people you know or you meet.

-         Strangers.

You should address these people with 'Bapak' or 'Ibu' (can be followed with their names):

-         Your teachers

-         Any persons in your business life.

-         Any elder people you know or you meet.

Note on addressing in family:

Indonesians prefer to address their family members with their status, example:

Bapak / Ayah / Papa father

Ibu / Bunda / Mama mother

Kakak elder sister/brother

Adik younger sister/brother

Nenek grandmother

Kakek grandfather

Paman/Om your parents' brother

Bibi/Tante your parents' sister

etc.

When addressing cousins, Indonesians tend to use 'kamu' or their names instead.

A similar rule applies to the first person pronoun (saya and aku).

The rule is pretty simple, just call yourselves with 'saya' when talking to elderly people, at work/school, business, in public, when talking to strangers, and some other formal situations.

Call yourselves with 'aku' when talking to your friends, younger persons, and some other informal situations.

Important note:

- Old people, married people, business men/women, etc always call themselves 'saya' instead of 'aku' due to politeness. They also NEVER address people with 'kamu'. They always address with Bapak, Ibu, Saudara/i, and can be followed by the persons' names.

- Young people can call themselves with 'saya' or 'aku', while the rules of politeness apply, as mentioned above.

Singular Pronouns

I	saya (formal)
	aku (informal)
you (singular)	Anda (formal) >> also formal plural
	kamu (informal)
he, she, it	ia (formal)
	beliau (formal, addressing an elder person) beliau-closed e
	dia

Plural Pronouns

we	kami (I and my friend)
	kita (I, my friend, and you)
you (plural)	Anda (formal) >> also formal singular
	kalian (informal)
he, she, it	mereka

Indonesian singular and plural nouns are easy to recognize.

buku a book

buku-buku some books

komputer a computer

komputer-komputer some computers

But be careful; repeated words not only express plural form, but they also mean other things. Sometimes, prefixes/suffixes/circumfixes are added, or the letters/sound are changed.

Meaning	Word	Meaning	Note
look-a-like	mobil-mobilan	not a real car; just a car toy	mobil: car
frequnciness	memukul-mukul	to hit a few times	pukul: to hit
reciprocal	berpandang-pandangan	to gaze at each other	pandang: to gaze
slightly	kemerah-merahan	nearly red; pink-red	merah: red

Actually there are some other functions of the repeated words, but since we need more knowledge about the language (even we Indonesians still have to study about these forms), I decided not to give them yet. But if you find any Indonesian sentences that you feel difficult to translate, just send me an e-mail and I'll contact you.

Articles

 

Actually, Indonesian does not have articles. But we have different ways to say 'a/an/some' and 'the' for person/s, thing/s, or animal/s.

The rule is to add 'se' (which means one, a/an) plus a special word.

Singular Plural

Person: seorang Persons: beberapa orang

Thing: sebuah Things: beberapa buah

Animal: seekor Animals: beberapa ekor

*What have you learnt? Good. 'beberapa' can be translated as 'some'.

 

Kakakku adalah seorang guru

My sister/brother is a teacher

 

Saya mempunyai beberapa ekor kelinci

I have some rabbits

*Notice: beberapa ekor kelinci >> 'beberapa' showed the plural form, so you don't have to say 'beberapa ekor kelinci-kelinci'.

There are several other indefinite articles. They are specialized:

Secarik/selembar kertas a (piece of) paper

Sebutir telur an egg

Sebulir air mata a tear (liquid comes from the eye)

Sepotong roti a (piece of) bread

Setetes air a dip of water

Actually there are still lots of articles like those, but those are the most common.
I'll tell you that Indonesian does not have the verb 'to be'. But sometimes, it's similar to the Indonesian word adalah. Only for several situation:

Saya adalah pelajar.

I am a student.

Ini adalah buku saya.

This is my book.

Itu adalah kesalahan besar.

That is a big mistake.

However, in informal situation (mostly in spoken Indonesian), we can omit the word adalah.

In formal/written language, this word is just sometimes omitted.

And remember that adalah CAN'T be used as 'to be' when:

-telling time

-showing adjectives

-passive sentence, e.g. I am called.

Indonesian only has two ways to say this, these, that, or those:

this, these ini

that, those itu

Note: The demonstratives are placed after the noun, i.e:

kursi ini this chair

meja itu (mdja) that table

kursi-kursi ini these chairs

meja-meja itu those tables

*In the informal spoken language, we can place the demonstrative before/after the noun.

How to say here, there:

sini here di sini In here, at here ke sini to here

sana sana di sana in there, at there ke sana to there

 

Possesive Pronouns

 

My	. saya (formal) -ku (informal)
Your	. Anda (formal) -mu (informal)
Her, his, its	-nya

 

Pacarmu adalah teman sekolahku

Your girlfriend/boyfriend is my schoolmate

Boleh saya beritahu kamu rahasianya?

May I tell you her/his secret?

Sebenarnya dia adalah tunangan saya

Actually he/she is my fiance/e

Note:

-nya can also define a noun (definite article). Example:

Radionya menyala

The radio is turned on

Aku membawa bukunya

I bring the book

Our	. kami, . kita
Your	. kalian
Their	. mereka

 

Mari kita mulai pelajaran kita

Let us start our lesson

Tutup mata kalian.. tarik nafas..

Close your eyes.. take a breath..

Dengarkan suara mereka..

Listen to their voice..

Mine	Milik saya, milikku, punya saya (formal) Punyaku (informal)
Yours	Milik Anda, milikmu (formal) Punyamu (informal)
Hers, his, its	Miliknya (formal) Punyanya (informal)

Jangan sentuh! Buku itu milik saya

Don't touch! That book is mine

Dan ini milik Anda

And this is yours

Maaf, tapi buku yang Anda pegang itu miliknya

Sorry, but the book you're holding is hers

Ours	Milik kami, milik kita (formal) Punya kami, punya kita (informal)
Yours	Milik Anda, milik kalian (formal) Punya kalian (informal)
Theirs	Milik mereka (formal) Punya mereka (informal)

 

Mobil ini milik kita

This car is ours

Dua mobil itu milik kalian

Those two cars are yours

Dan yang baru itu milik mereka

And that new one is theirs

 

Present, Past, and Future tense

Simpler than you think. Just put:

tengah (formal) sedang(informal)	present, simple present, perfect present, continuous, etc.
telah (formal) sudah (informal)	past, simple past, past participle, etc.
akan	future, conditional, etc.

Saya merokok	I smoke
Saya sedang merokok	I am smoking
Saya sudah merokok	I smoked I have smoked I had smoked I have been smoking I had been smoking
Saya akan merokok	I will smoke I will be smoking I will have smoked

The subject, the verb, the nouns, the adjectives, and the adverbs do not change their forms.

Negation

 

Indonesian has two ways to form a negative sentence. We use the words tidak and bukan. The word bukan is to form a negative sentence such as denial about something, then follow the clause with an explanation using the word melainkan(but).

 

Tidak:

Buku itu tidak bagus.

That book is not good.

 

Saya tidak tahu.

I don't know.

Bukan:

Buku itu bukan hitam, melainkan hijau.

That book is not black, but (it is) green.

 

Saya bukan dokter, melainkan reporter.

I am not a doctor, but (I am) a reporter.

 

Position

Di	in, on, at
Di atas	up, upon, on, onto, over, above
Di bawah	down, under, below
Di depan	in front of
Di belakang	behind
Di samping	beside
Di dalam	in, into, inside
Di luar	out, outside
Di antara	between

Ke	to
Ke atas	upwards
Ke bawah	downwards
Ke depan	forwards, towards
Ke belakang	backwards
Ke samping	aside
Ke dalam	inside
Ke luar	outside

Dari	from
Dari dalam	from inside
Dari luar	from outside

Kue itu di atas meja

The cake is on the table

Saya di sekolah

I am at school

Saya pergi ke sekolah

I go to school

Saya pindah ke depan

I move towards

Saya dari kedai kopi

I am from the coffee shop

(I just from the coffee shop)

(I just back from the coffee shop)

Comparative and Superlative

Just add:

lebih for comparative

paling or ter- for superlative

big besar

bigger lebih besar

biggest paling besar / terbesar

small kecil

smaller lebih kecil

smallest paling kecil

Botol ini lebih besar daripada itu

This bottle is bigger than that

Bola ini lebih kecil daripada itu

This ball is smaller than that

Ini adalah botol terkecil / paling kecil

This is the smallest bottle

Itu adalah ball terbesar / paling besar

That is the biggest ball

Note:

Daripada means 'than'. It can also means 'instead of'

Saya lebih muda daripada kamu

I am younger than you

Dia akan bermain piano daripada bernyanyi
He will play the piano instead of singing

Useful words

at, in, on to from for that, which (similar to Italian che) now before after very very until until because will (going to) have (avere) not yet is spite of / despite If only, just only, just with, by

di -- we'll learn further about this :D ke (closed e) dari untuk yang yang sekarang (closed e) sebelum (closed e) sesudah (closed e) sangat (before the word) sekali (after the word)) sampai (places) hingga karena, sebab akan sudah belum walaupun (formal), walau (informal) jika, bila, seandainya, andaikan, andai (formal), kalau (informal) hanya (before the word) saja (after the word) dengan (closed e)

Saya sangat senang

I am very happy

Kamu cantik sekali / Kamu sangat cantik

You are very beautiful

Kamu tampan sekali / Kamu sangat tampan

You are very handsome

Saya sudah sarapan

I have had breakfast

Saya belum sarapan

I have not had breakfast yet

Jika Anda merasa kesulitan, saya siap membantu Anda

If you feel any difficulties, I am ready to help you

Kalau kamu mau, aku akan ke rumahmu besok

If you want, I will come to your house tomorrow

Questions

what who where at where to which one when why why how how much/ how many

apa siapa mana, di mana / dimana ke mana / kemana yang mana kapan mengapa (formal) kenapa (informal) bagaimana berapa (all e in this column are closed e)

Apa yang kamu lihat?

What are you looking at?

Siapa di sana?

Who is there?

Dimana kamu?

Where are you?

Kemana kamu pergi?

Where are you going?

Bunga yang mana yang paling indah?

Which flower is the most beautiful?

Mengapa kamu menangis?

Why are you crying?

Kenapa kamu tidak menjawab?

Why aren't you answering?

Berapa harganya?

How much does it cost?

Berapa banyak kelinci yang kamu punyai/kamu miliki?

How many rabbits do you have?

Numbers

0 nol

1 satu

2 dua

3 tiga

4 empat

5 lima

6 enam

7 tujuh

8 delapan

9 sembilan

10 sepuluh

11 sebelas

12 duabelas

13 tigabelas

14 empatbelas

15 limabelas

16 enambelas

17 tujuhbelas

18 delapanbelas

19 sembilanbelas

20 duapuluh

21 duapuluh satu

22 duapuluh dua

23 duapuluh tiga

24 duapuluh empat

25 duapuluh lima

30 tigapuluh

40 empatpuluh

50 limapuluh

60 enampuluh

70 tujuhpuluh

80 delapanpuluh

90 sembilanpuluh

100 seratus

101 seratus satu

110 saratus sepuluh

120 seratus duapuluh

200 duaratus

300 tigaratus

1.000 seribu

10.000 sepuluh ribu

100.000 seratus ribu

1.000.000 satu juta

1.000.000.000 satu milyar

Kedua pria itu sangat tampan

Those two guys are very handsome

Saya menyukai keduanya

I love both of them (those two guys)

Saya akan mendekati salah satu dari mereka

I will approach one of them

Hei, kalian berdua! Ini nomor telepon saya:

Hey, you two! Here's my phone number:

Nol-enam-dua-dua-tujuh-empat-delapan-delapan-dua-tiga-nol-satu

Zero-six-two-two-seven-four-eight-eight-two-three-zero-one

Telepon saya sesudah pukul sembilan malam

Call me after nine p.m.

Kamu sudah menelepon saya sekali / dua kali / tiga kali

You have called me once / twice / three times

 

Numbers

First pertama

Second kedua

Third ketiga

Fourth keempat

Fifth kelima

*and just add ke- and so on :P

Saya merupakan anak pertama di dalam keluarga saya

I am the first child in my family

Saya mendapat rank kedua di sekolah saya

I got the second rank in my school

Ini adalah ketiga kalinya saya mendapat posisi bagus di sekolah saya

This is the third time I got good position in my school

Dan untuk keempat kalinya, orangtua saya memberikan saya hadiah

And for the fourth time, my parents give me prizes

Days in a Week

Sunday Ahad / Minggu

Monday Senin

Tuesday Selasa

Wednesday Rabu

Thursday Kamis

Friday Jumat (Jum'at)

Saturday Sabtu

week minggu

day hari

holiday hari libur

yesterday kemarin

today hari ini

tomorrow esok (formal), besok (informal)

next tomorrow lusa

Notice how similar are those days with Arabic numbers:

wahid, isnain, tsalasa, arba'atun, khamsatun, etc.

However, usually Indonesian starts the day with Senin, Selasa, etc.

Hari apa hari ini?

What day is today?

Hari ini hari Minggu

Today is Sunday

Aduh, aku harus masuk sekolah besok!

Ow, I have to go to school tomorrow!

(literally: I have to be inside the school tomorrow. Masuk: in, inside)

 

Besok? Tapi besok hari libur

Tomorrow? But tomorrow is holiday

 

Eh.. Aku ketinggalan sesuatu di sekolah kemarin.. Tugas untuk minggu ini

Er.. I left something in school yesterday.. Homework for this week

 

Pergilah. Aku akan menunggumu. Ingat, kita akan ada pesta malam ini

Off you go. I'll be waiting for you. Remember, we'll have a party tonight

 

Oke. Sampai nanti

Okay. See you later

 

Months in a Year

January Januari

February Februari

March Maret

April April

May Mei

June Juni

July Juli

August Agustus

September September

October Oktober

November November

December Desember

month bulan

year tahun

Note: The word 'month' (bulan) in Indonesian is the same as 'moon' (bulan).

Saya akan ke Jakarta pada bulan Mei

I am going to Jakarta on May

Saya akan ke SMU tahun ini

I am going to go to high school this year

Direction

North utara

Northwest barat laut

West barat

Southwest barat daya

South selatan

Southeast tenggara

East timur

Northeast timur laut

Rumahku terletak di timur Masjid

My house is to the east of the mosque

Di selatannya terdapat rumah sepupuku

To the south of it there is my cousin's house

Colors

black hitam

grey abu-abu

white putih

red merah

pink merah muda

green hijau

blue biru

yellow kuning

orange oranye

purple ungu

brown cokelat

dark green hijau tua

light green hijau muda

dark blue biru tua

light blue biru muda

*and so on

Matanya berwarna cokelat muda

His eyes are light brown

Saya menyukai jaket biru tua itu

I love that dark blue jacket

Seasons

Spring musim semi

Summer musim panas

Fall musim gugur

Winter musim dingin

Rain musim hujan

Dry musim kemarau

Note: musim means season

Pada musim kemarau udara menjadi dingin

In dry season the air becomes so cold

Countries, Languages, and Nationalities

Australia Belgium Canada China Croatia France Egypt England Germany Great Britain Italy Japan Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey USA

Australia Belgia Kanada Cina Kroasia Perancis Mesir Inggris Jerman Britania Raya Italia Jepang Meksiko Belanda Norwegia Polandia Rusia Arab Saudi Singapura Spanyol Swedia Swiss Turki Amerika Serikat

Those are some of the country names. What about the languages and nationalities? Simple. Just put bahasa (language) or orang (people, person, man/woman) before the name of the country you desire.

Australia Australia

English Bahasa Inggris

Australian Orang Australia

Saudi Arabia Arab Saudi

Arabic Bahasa Arab

Arabian Orang Arab

Italy Italia

Italian Bahasa Italia

Italian Orang Italia

Note: If you're an American and you speak English, then you shouldn't say "Saya berbicara bahasa Amerika", but you should say "Saya berbicara bahasa Inggris".

Family

Mother Ibunda (very formal) Bunda (formal) Ibu (informal/familiar) Father Ayahanda (very formal) Ayah (formal) Bapak (informal/familiar) Elder sister / brother Kakak Younger sister / brother Adik Elder brother Kanda (very formal) Younger sister Dinda (very formal)

Grandmother Nenek Grandfather Kakek Granddaughter / grandson Cucu

Husband Suami Wife Istri Daughter Putri Son Putra

Aunt Bibi (vocative: Tante) Uncle Paman (vocative: Om) Cousin Sepupu Nephew / niece Kemenakan (formal) Keponakan (informal)

Mother-in-law Ibu mertua Father-in-law Ayah mertua Elder sister/brother-in-law Kakak ipar Younger sister/brother-in-law Adik ipar

Stepmother Ibu tiri Stepfather Ayah tiri Step-eldersister/brother Kakak tiri Step-younger sister/brother Adik tiri

Animals

cat kucing

dog anjing (pejorative)

fish ikan

ant semut

rooster/hen ayam

cow sapi

goat kambing

bee lebah

bird burung

rabbit kelinci

elephant gajah

giraffe jerapah

frog katak (ameliorative), kodok (pejorative)

snake ular

sheep biri-biri

butterfly kupu-kupu

spider laba-laba

Note:

• 'anjing' can also means a kind of profanity. So, be careful if you want to say it to an Indonesian.
• Biri-biri, kupu-kupu, and laba-laba do not have plural forms. But they are always written/spoken twice like that, not; biri, kupu, or laba. I don't know why, but that's what I learnt in kindergarten :p

Schools and Professions

School sekolah

Teacher guru

Student murid

Book buku

Pen pena

Class kelas

Classroom ruang kelas

Math matematika

Biology biologi

Geography geografi

Chemical kimia

History sejarah

Economy ekonomi

Physic fisika

accountant akuntan

engineer insinyur

office worker karyawan (m), karyawati (f)

doctor dokter

teacher guru

architect arsitek

lawyer pengacara

Note:

teacher means guru. Literally, it also means 'pengajar'. >>

ajar to study/to teach

mengajar teach

pengajar teacher

pelajar student

belajar to study

Now it's time to get serious. I will give some examples about the conjugation with prefixes, suffixes, and circumfixes.

Prefixes

word	me	ber	di	ter	pe	per	memper	se
Tulis (to write)	Menulis (write)	-	Ditulis (written)	Tertulis (written)	Penulis (writer)	-	-	-
Jalan (to walk)	-	Berjalan (to walk)	-	-	Pejalan (walker	-	-	-
Baca (to read)	Membaca (read)	-	Dibaca (read)	Terbaca (read)	Reader (pembaca)	-	-	-
Lihat (to see)	Melihat (see)	-	Dilihat (seen)	Terlihat (seen)	-	-	-	-
Dengar (to hear, listen)	Mendengar (hear, listen)	-	Didengar (heard)	Terdengar (heard)	Pendengar (listener)		-	-

The table that I left does not mean that the words do not exist; they just don't make sense, or they need a suffix.

The prefix 'memper-' has two function:

1. if it is followed by an adjective, it is to make something to be.. (the adjective).

2. if it is followed by a verb, it is to do something to other person, to make other person.. (the verb)

There is a confusion between the prefix 'pe' and 'per'.

-         'pe' shows the person who does the verb, while

-         'per' shows the person who has a profession as the verb.

'se' means one. You can see how it works on the numbering section.

Prefixes, suffixes, and circumfixes

Prefix	Circumfix	Suffix	Prefix and suffix
me- ber- di- ter- pe- per- memper- se- ke-	-em-	-an -kan -i -wan -man -lah	me-kan me-i memper-i memper-kan pe-an per-an ber-an se-nya

Prefixes >> prefixes are always closed e

me-	to make an active sentence, to make something change, and needs an object (watch how the letter changes before the first word of the infinitive)	Mengambil Membuat Mencari Mendengar Mengevaluasi Mengganti Menghilang Mengisi Menjual Mengira Melihat Memasak Mengoperasi Memindah Merasa Menyapu Menulis Mengulang	Me + ambil Me + buat Me + cari Me + dengar Me + evaluasi Me + ganti Me + hilang Me + isi Me + jual Me + kira Me + lihat Me + masak Me + operasi Me + pindah Me + rasa Me + sapu Me + tulis Me + ulang	To take To make, to create To search, to look for To hear, to listen to To evaluate To change To be disappeared To fill in To sell To guess To see To cook To do an operation(surgery) To move (stuff) To feel To sweep To write To repeat
Saya mengambil baju-baju saya Kamu membuat lukisan Saya mencari teman saya Saya mendengar sesuatu Kamu mengisi gelas itu dengan air Ayah menjual mobilnya Kamu melihatku? Saya memindah weblog saya Saya merasa capai / lelah Dia menyapu lantai Kamu menulis sebuah lagu			I take my clothes You make a painting (you paint/you are painting) I look for my friend I hear something You fill the glass with water Father sells his car Do you see me? I move my weblog I feel tired She/he sweeps the floor You write a song

ber-	to make an active sentence that does not have to followed by an object	Berangkat Berbahasa Bercinta Berdansa Berguru Berhitung Berjanji Bermain Berpura-pura Bersantai Bertaruh Berubah Bervariasi Berzina	Ber + angkat Ber + bahasa Ber + cinta Ber + dansa Ber + guru Ber + hitung Ber + janji Ber + main Ber + pura-pura Ber + santai Ber + taruh Ber + ubah Ber + variasi Ber + zina	To have a departure To have an ability to speak a/some language/s To have sex To have a dance To have a study To have count To have a promise To have a play To have a pretend To have a relax To have a bet To have a change To have a variation To have an affair, a prostitution
Ayah berangkat ke kantor Saya berbahasa Indonesia Apakah kamu bercinta dengannya? Maukah kamu berdansa denganku? Saya berjanji padamu Jangan berpura-pura tidak tahu Mari bersantai di gazebo Aku bertaruh dia akan menang			Father leaves for office I speak Indonesian Do you have sex with her? Would you dance with me? I promise you Don't pretend like you don't know Let's have a relax in the gazebo I bet she/he will win

di-	to make a passive sentence note: must be caused by something (not improvviso)	Diambil Dibuat Dicari Didamba Diganti Dihuni Diisi Dijumlah Dikandung Dilihat Diminta Diolah Diproses Dirinci Disumpah Ditambah Diulang	Di + ambil Di + buat Di + cari Di + damba Di + ganti Di + huni Di + isi Di + jumlah Di + kandung Di + lihat Di + minta Di + olah Di + proses Di + rinci Di + sumpah Di + tambah Di + ulang		To be taken To be made To be searched, to be looked for To be wanted, to be waited To be changed To be occupied To be filled in To be calculated To be contained To be seen To be asked To be processed (factory) To be processed To be explained, to be described To be sworn To be added, to be increased To be repeated
Kamu dicari orangtuamu Jadwal hari ini telah diganti Rumah ini hanya dihuni oleh kami berdua Aku sudah lakukan apa yang diminta olehnya Susu itu diolah di pabrik Saya adalah penerjemah yang telah disumpah				You are looked for by your parents (your parents [are]look[ing] for you) Today's schedule is changed This house is only occupied by us (just us that live in this house) I have done what she/he asked me to The milk is processed in the factory I am a sworn translator

Ter-	To make a superlative Note: you can change the prefix 'ter-' with the wordpaling, i.e: terbaru = paling baru (the newest)	Terbaru Tercantik Terenak Terindah Terkecil Terlebar Termanis Terpandai Terpintar Tertua	Ter + baru Ter + cantik Ter + enak Ter + indah Ter + kecil Ter + lebar Ter + manis Ter + pandai Ter + pintar Ter + tua		The newest The fairest (woman) The most delicious The most beautiful The smallest The widest The sweetest The cleverest/the smartest The cleverest/the smartest The oldest
	To make a passive sentence, but not like di-, we don't know if the word with ter- is caused by somehing or justimprovviso	Terambil Tercuri Terganggu Teringat Terjual Terlihat Tertulis	Ter + ambil Ter + curi Ter + ganggu Ter + ingat Ter + jual Ter + lihat Ter + tulis		To be taken To be stolen To be disturbed To be remember To be sold To be seen To be written
Dia adalah wanita tercantik di Swedia Bali adalah tempat terindah yang pernah kulihat Kenangan itu termanis dalam hidupku Dia adalah anak terpandai di kelas				She is the most beautiful woman inSweden Bali is the most beautiful place I've ever seen That was the sweetest memory in my life ever He is the cleverest boy in the class
Saya merasa sangat terganggu Saya teringat akan Bali Gaun itu telah terjual Kamu bisa terlihat orang lain! Kalimat itu tertulis di kertas			I am feeling so disturbed/annoyed/aggravated I remember about Bali The gown is sold You could have been seen! That sentence is written on the paper

Pe-	Person / thing who does, makes, etc.	Pengambil Pemburu Pencium Pendaki Penghitung Pengikut Penjual Pengasih Pelukis Pemula Pemukul Penyanyi Penyaji Penari Penunggu	Pe + ambil Pe + buru Pe + cium Pe + daki Pe + hitung Pe + ikut Pe + jual Pe + kasih Pe + lukis Pe + mula Pe + pukul Pe + nyanyi Pe + saji Pe + tari Pe + tunggu		Person who takes Hunter Kisser Hiker Person who counts A tool used for counting things Follower Seller Person who likes to give Painter Beginner Person who hits Singer Servant Dancer Person who waits
Dia adalah pendaki yang hebat Mereka adalah pengikutku Pelan-pelan, aku masih pemula Aku ingin menjadi penyanyi Kamu adalah penari yang baik Dia adalah pencium yang hebat				She/he is a great climber They are my follower Slow down, I am still a beginner I want to be a singer You are a good dancer He's an unbelieveable kisser

Indonesian phrases in several situations

1. Common expressions

Saya senang

I am happy/glad

Saya sedih

I am sad

Saya lelah

I am tired

Saya lapar

I am hungry

Saya haus

I am thirsty

Saya mengantuk

I am sleepy

Saya takut

I am scared/I am afraid

Saya bingung

I am confused

Saya bosan

I am bored

Saya sakit

I am sick/I am ill

2. In the restaurant

Pelayan!

Waiter! Waitress!

Tolong menunya

The menu, please

Apa menu spesial hari ini?

What's the special menu of today?

Saya pesan..

I want.. (literally: I reserve)

Jangan terlalu pedas / asin / manis

Don't be too spicy(hot) / salty / sweet

Tolong bonnya

The bill, please

Makanan Foods Minuman Beverages

Nasi rice air water

Sup soup susu milk

Daging meat kopi coffee

Telur egg teh tea

Mie noodle jus juice

Ayam chicken bir beer

Sapi beef limun lemonade

Jagung corn

Jamur mushroom

Keju cheese

Tomat tomato

Kentang potato

Kue cake

Roti bread

Note:

Nowadays, western foods in Indonesian restaurants are written as their natives:

salad, spaghetti, tiramisu, pizza, kebab, sushi, yakiniku, etc.

3. In the hotel

Anda punya kamar kosong?

Do you have any unoccupied rooms?

Kamar Anda di lantai satu / dua / tiga

Your room is on 1st floor / 2nd floor / 3rd floor

Ini kunci kamar Anda

This is your key

Anda punya kamar yang lebih baik / murah?

Do you have any rooms better(nicer) / cheaper?

Saya ingin kamar dengan..

I want a room with..

Saya tidak memerlukan kamar dengan..

I do not need a room with.. (it's not necessary to me)

Kamar mandi, air panas, ekstra bed, AC, televisi, lemari es, telepon

Bathroom, hot water, extra bed, AC, TV, refrigerator, telephone

Apakah sudah termasuk sarapan?

Is breakfast included?

Saya mau check in / check out

I want to check in / check out

Tolong angkat koper saya

Please lift my luggage

Tolong carikan taksi

Please get me a taxi 
4. In the city

Taksi!

Taxi!

Tolong antar saya ke..

Please take me to the..

Berhenti! Stop!

Stop!

Berapa saya harus bayar?

How much do I have to pay?

Permisi, dimana..

Excuse me, where is the..

Belok kanan / kiri

Turn right / left

Lurus

Move towards

Saya mau tukar 100 Euro ini dengan Rupiah

I want to change these 100 Euros to Rupiahs

Places

bank bank

restoran restaurant

supermarket supermarket

hotel hotel

mall mall

halte bus bus shelter

rumah sakit hospital

kantor polisi police station

gereja church

masjid mosque

kantor pos post office

toko buku bookstore / bookshop

bar bar

kafe caf

kedai kopi coffeshop

bioskop cinema
5. Dating (lol)

Vada's note:

Muahaha.. Well for me there's nothing more interesting in learning languages than memorizing the romantic phrases..(that's my opinion.. but people are different, aren't they?)

Maukah kamu pergi denganku Sabtu malam?

Do you want to go with me Saturday night?

Tentu, kemana kita akan pergi?

Sure, where will we go?

Bolehkah saya menjemputmu?

May I pick you up?

Terimakasih atas malam yang indah

Thank you for the wonderful night

Boleh saya cium kamu? Boleh saya memberimu sebuah ciuman?

May I kiss you? May I give you a kiss?

*And perhaps these phrases below are useful if you have an Indonesian boyfriend/girlfriend

Saya cinta padamu (formal)

Saya mencintaimu (whoa.. poetry-language)

Saya sayang kamu

Saya menyayangimu (again, poetry-language)

I love you

Saya rindu kamu

Saya merindukanmu (poetry-language really sounds romantic to Indonesian)

I miss you

Saya bermimpi tentangmu

Saya memimpikanmu (poetry-language is seldom used, because it's too beautiful to be said)

I dream of you

Saya berpikir tentangmu

Saya memikirkanmu (well, we love poetry-language..)

I think of you

*If you want to say it with 'very much' just add sangat before the verbs (and also before adjectives).

Here's some phrases I've taken from Russian.. but I translated them into English and Indonesian

My sun	Matahariku / mentariku
My dear	Sayangku
My bunny	Kelinciku
My sweet	Manisku
Come to me my dear	Kemarilah padaku, sayang
My love	Cintaku
Good girl	Gadis baik
Good boy	Pria baik
My little angel	Malaikat kecilku
Remember, I'm always next to you	Ingat, saya selalu di sampingmu
I'll do everything perfectly	Saya akan lakukan semua dengan baik
Don't worry	Jangan khawatir
Relax, i'll do that	Rileks, saya akan melakukannya
Let me do that	Biarkan saya melakukannya
Trust me	Percayalah padaku
Everything's gonna be alright	Semua akan baik-baik saja
You can do it	Kamu bisa melakukannya
I believe in you	Saya percaya padamu
I'll help you	Saya akan membantumu
You are not alone	Kamu tidak sendiri
I'm next to you	Saya di sampingmu
I'm here	Saya di sini
Darling, don't worry	Sayang, jangan khawatir
You're strong	Kamu sangat tangguh
We will do it	Kita akan melakukannya
Easy, everything is ok	Tenang, semua baik-baik saja
Everything is going all right	Semua baik-baik saja
It's normal	Itu normal

Marriage proposal

*In Indonesia, the person who usually gives the proposal is the man. So most of Indonesian women usually just 'wait and accept' or 'wait and refuse'.

I only know several phrases in marriage proposal to a woman.

I want you to be my wife.	Saya ingin kamu menjadi istriku
I love you very much and ask you to be my wife.	Saya sangat mencintaimu dan memintamu untuk menjadi istriku
All I pray for god is you to say "yes!"	Saya berdoa kepada Tuhan agar kamu berkata 'ya'
I wish it so badly!	Saya sangat mengharapkannya!
Be my wife!	Jadilah istriku!
Marry me!	Menikahlah denganku!
We are created for each other. Say "yes!"	Kita diciptakan untuk bersama. Katakan 'ya'.
I want us to always be together.	Saya ingin kita selalu bersama
Let's go through life together.	Mari hidup bersama
I want so badly that we have a real family.	Saya ingin kita berkeluarga
Let's create a real family.	Marilah berkeluarga
I want so much for you to marry me.	Saya ingin sekali kamu menikahi saya
We love each other so much!	Kita sangat mencintai satu sama lain
I love you so much.	Saya sangat mencintaimu
Finally I want to tell you this:	Akhirnya, saya ingin mengatakannya padamu:
I need you so much.	Saya sangat memerlukanmu
I can't live without you.	Saya tidak dapat hidup tanpamu
Say that you love me!	Katakan bahwa kamu mencintaiku
I feel so good next to you.	Saya senang bersamamu
You became everything for me!	Kamu adalah segalanya bagiku
I thank god that I met you.	Terimakasih Tuhan, saya bertemu denganmu
You are my destiny	Kamulah takdirku
I swear I'll give you my heart.	Saya bersumpah akan memberimu hatiku
I think of you day and night	Saya memikirkanmu siang dan malam
You are all that I need.	Kamulah yang kuperlukan
Am I deserving of your love?	Apa saya berhak atas cintamu?
Believe me.	Percayalah padaku
I am the happiest man on earth because I met you.	Saya adalah orang paling bahagia di dunia karena saya menemukanmu
I want you to be only mine.	Saya ingin kamu hanya milikku
Let's never part.	Jangan pernah berpisah
I love you	Saya cinta kamu. Saya mencintaimu. Saya sayang kamu.
I can't live without you	Saya tidak dapat hidup tanpamu
I need you	Saya membutuhkanmu
I need you so much	Saya sangat membutuhkanmu
I wish you were mine	Kuharap kamu milikku
I love you with all my heart, with all my soul	Saya mencintaimu dengan sepenuh hatiku, dengan sepenuh jiwaku
There's no borders for my love	Tidak ada halangan bagi cintaku
There's no obstacles for our love	Tidak ada halangan bagi cinta kita
I fell in love with you from the first sight	Saya jatuh cinta padamu sejak pandangan pertama
Come to me, my love	Kemarilah padaku, cinta
All ages are dutiful to love	Semua umur berhak mencinta
I can't live without your love	Saya tidak dapat hidup tanpa cintamu
Give me your love	Berikan saya cinta
I give you all my love	Saya memberimu seluruh cinta saya
There's no happiness without your love	Tidak ada kebahagiaan tanpa cintamu
I will always love you	Saya akan selalu mencintaimu
I want you to know - there's love in my heart	Saya ingin kamu mengetahui: ada cinta di hatiku
Our love won't disappear with years	Cinta kita tak akan hilang dimakan waktu
I am proud of our love	Saya bangga akan cinta kita

You are so beautiful	Kamu sangat cantik
You are so handsome	Kamu sangat tampan
You are so wonderful	Kamu sangat hebat
You are so splendid	Kamu sangat luar biasa
You are so exciting	Kamu sangat menarik
You are so lovely	Kamu sangat cantik
You are so pretty	Kamu sangat manis
You are so cute	Kamu sangat manis
You are so sweet	Kamu sangat manis
You are so sensitive	Kamu sangat sensitif
You are so talented	Kamu sangat berbakat
You are so wise	Kamu sangat bijaksana
You are so understanding	Kamu sangat pengertian
You are so soft	Kamu sangat lembut
You are so gentle	Kamu sangat lembut
You are so unusual	Kamu sangat luar biasa
You are so honest	Kamu sangat jujur
You are so kind	Kamu sangat baik
You are so open	Kamu sangat terbuka
You are so glamorous	Kamu sangat anggun
You are so faithful	Kamu sangat setia

Daily Phrases

Good morning. Morning.	Selamat pagi. Pagi
Good afternoon.	Selamat siang
Good evening.	Selamat sore
Good night.	Selamat malam
Hello. Hi.	Halo. Hai.
Welcome.	Selamat datang
How are you?	Apa kabar?
Not too well, I'm afraid.	Tidak terlalu bagus
How are you getting on?	Bagaimana kabarmu?
Pretty fair, thank you. And what about you?	Cukup baik, dan Anda?
Fine, and how are you?	Baik, dan kamu?
Not too bad.	Tidak buruk
Is everything all right?	Apakah semua baik-baik saja?
Are you ok?	Apakah kamu baik-baik saja?
How are things?	Bagaimana kabarnya?
What's new?	Apa kabar?
How is your family?	Bagaimana keluargamu?
How is your mother?	Bagaimana ibumu?
Are you o.k.?	Apakah kamu baik-baik saja?
Fine, thanks.	Baik, terimakasih
Very well.	Sangat baik
Not bad.	Tidak buruk
O.K.	Baik
Not so good.	Tiak terlalu baik
The same.	Sama-sama
A bit tired.	Sedikit lelah
I am busy.	Saya sibuk
I am not well.	Saya tidak sehat
And you?	Dan kamu?
I am sorry to hear that.	Maaf
I am happy for you.	Saya senang denganmu
Is this clear?	Apakah sudah jelas?
Pardon?	Permisi?
I'm sorry, what did you say?	Maaf, apa yang Anda katakan?
I see	Saya mengerti
Am I speaking fast?	Apakah saya berbicara cepat?
Do you understand me?	Apakah Anda mengerti saya?
I don't understand you.	Saya tidak mengerti Anda
I understand you.	Saya mengerti Anda
I quite understand you.	Saya cukup mengerti Anda
I understand you quite well.	Saya mengerti Anda cukup baik
I understand every word you say.	Saya mengerti setiap kata yang Anda ucapkan
Yes, perfectly well.	Ya, sangat baik
Speak louder, please.	Berbicaralah lebih keras
Please, speak slower.	Berbicaralah lebih pelan
I'm sorry, I didn't quite catch what you said.	Maaf, saya tidak mengerti apa yang Anda katakan
Write it down, please.	Tolong tuliskan
Translate it.	Terjemahkan
Please, say it again.	Tolong ulangi
How do you say that in english?	Bagaimana kata itu dalam bahasa Inggris?
We need an interpreter.	Kita butuh penerjemah
We don't need an interpreter.	Kita tidak butuh penerjemah
I must be going.	Saya harus pergi
Good-bye.	Daag (daah)
See you soon.	Sampai jumpa lagi
So long.	Sampai jumpa
See you again.	Sampai jumpa lagi
See you later.	Sampai jumpa
Cheerio / Bye!	Daag!
Good luck!	Sukses!
Give my regards to..	Salam untuk..
I hope to see you soon.	Saya harap kita bertemu lain kali
I'll call you later.	Saya akan meneleponmu
Have a comfortable journey! (good-bye)	Selamat jalan!
Keep well!	Sehat selalu!
Take care!	Hati-hati!
Till we meet again.	Sampai bertemu lagi (sampai jumpa lagi)
Write me.	Kabari aku
Here's my address.	Ini alamat saya
Have a success!	Sukses!
Sweet dreams!	Mimpi indah
Be happy!	Bergembiralah

By : Vremita Desectia

Source : http://ielanguages.com/indonesian.html